{"id":5657,"date":"2023-11-29T09:29:15","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T07:29:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/?p=5657"},"modified":"2023-11-29T11:10:42","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T09:10:42","slug":"comunistii-romani-si-devierea-de-dreapta-istoria-unei-afaceri-de-partid-1940-1968-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/?p=5657","title":{"rendered":"Comuni\u0219tii rom\u00e2ni \u0219i \u201eDevierea de dreapta\u201d. Istoria unei afaceri de partid, 1940-1968"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Autor: <strong>Dan C\u0103t\u0103nu\u0219<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Colec\u021bia Studii<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I.N.S.T., 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>17 x 24; 408 p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ISBN 978-973-7861-98-6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proiect editorial cofinan\u021bat de Administra\u021bia Fondului Cultural Na\u021bional<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre\u021b: 2,33 lei<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"5640\" src=\"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2018-Catanus-Comunistii-1-736x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2018-Catanus-Comunistii-1-736x1024.jpg 736w, https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2018-Catanus-Comunistii-1-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2018-Catanus-Comunistii-1-768x1068.jpg 768w, https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2018-Catanus-Comunistii-1-1104x1536.jpg 1104w, https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2018-Catanus-Comunistii-1-1472x2048.jpg 1472w, https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2018-Catanus-Comunistii-1-scaled.jpg 1841w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eTimp de mai bine de trei decenii de la \u00eenfiin\u021barea sa, \u00een 1921, Partidul Comunist din Rom\u00e2nia s-a caracterizat printr-o stare de conflict permanent la nivelul conducerii sale, divizat\u0103 \u00een tabere \u0219i fac\u021biuni care \u00ee\u0219i contestau reciproc \u00eent\u00e2ietatea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Intrarea \u00een legalitate, dup\u0103 23 august 1944, \u0219i \u00eenceperea luptei pentru cucerirea puterii politice \u00een stat nu au schimbat prea mult lucrurile, ci doar au redus disputa pentru suprema\u021bie \u00een partid la dou\u0103 grup\u0103ri, una condus\u0103 de Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej \u0219i alta de Ana Pauker. \u00cen iunie 1947, \u00eentr-o discu\u021bie cu V.I. Lesakov, activist al C.C. al P.C.(b)U.S., Pauker a definit aceste grup\u0103ri \u2013 \u00een mod ironic \u2013 drept \u201ecomuni\u0219tii na\u021bionali\u201d \u0219i cei \u201emoscovi\u021bi\u201d. Lansat\u0103 \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care conducerea de la Moscova \u00eencepuse s\u0103 condamne tendin\u021bele de comunism na\u021bional care se manifestau \u00een partidele satelite, aprecierea Anei Pauker se dorea a fi o lovitur\u0103 subtil\u0103 la adresa adversarilor s\u0103i, un semn de \u00eentrebare ridicat asupra deplinei loialit\u0103\u021bi fa\u021b\u0103 de Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 a lui Gheorghiu-Dej \u0219i a celor din tab\u0103ra acestuia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu experien\u021ba anilor petrecu\u021bi \u00een structurile Cominternului, dar \u0219i \u00een baza rela\u021biei apropiate cu numero\u0219ii reprezentan\u021bi ai Moscovei afla\u021bi \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, Ana Pauker sim\u021bise bine dincotro b\u0103tea v\u00e2ntul. Declan\u0219area \u201er\u0103zboiului rece\u201d \u00een 1947 \u0219i apoi schisma sovieto-iugoslav\u0103 din 1948 vor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>face din devotamentul fa\u021b\u0103 de Stalin \u0219i de Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 cheia de bolt\u0103 a activit\u0103\u021bii fiec\u0103rui comunist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe acest fond al \u00eentrecerii \u00een loialitate fa\u021b\u0103 de \u201epatria comunismului\u201d se va desf\u0103\u0219ura \u00een anii urm\u0103tori \u0219i competi\u021bia pentru putere de la v\u00e2rful P.C.R.\/P.M.R. Cu balan\u021ba \u00eenclin\u00e2nd c\u00e2nd de o parte, c\u00e2nd de cealalt\u0103, rivalitatea dintre cele dou\u0103 fac\u021biuni a continuat s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1952, c\u00e2nd Gheorghiu-Dej \u0219i-a acuzat principalii adversari \u2013 Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca \u0219i Teohari Georgescu \u2013 de \u201edeviere de dreapta\u201d \u0219i i-a \u00eendep\u0103rtat din conducerea partidului. \u00centreaga afacere s-a derulat cu implicarea direct\u0103 a lui Stalin, de la debutul ei \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la decizia final\u0103. Represaliile care au urmat nu s-au m\u0103rginit numai la cei trei \u201edeviatori\u201d, ci au cuprins, \u00een cercuri din ce \u00een ce mai largi, rude ale acestora, prieteni, colaboratori mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin apropia\u021bi, ajung\u00e2ndu-se chiar la vaste segmente sociale considerate a fi fost protejate de fo\u0219tii lideri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 moartea lui Stalin, \u00een martie 1953, intensitatea campaniei represive s-a redus treptat, dar \u201edevierea de dreapta\u201d a continuat s\u0103 produc\u0103 ecouri. Victoria lui Gheorghiu-Dej \u00een conflictul cu Iosif Chi\u0219inevschi \u0219i Miron Constantinescu din prim\u0103vara lui 1956 a adus o nou\u0103 condamnare politic\u0103 a \u201edeviatorilor de dreapta\u201d, pe seama c\u0103rora a fost pus\u0103 promovarea cultului personalit\u0103\u021bii \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i anumite m\u0103suri represive luate la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor \u201940 \u00eempotriva unor membri de partid, considera\u021bi suspec\u021bi prin traseul lor politic (voluntari din Spania, participan\u021bi \u00een mi\u0219carea de rezisten\u021b\u0103 antifascist\u0103 din Fran\u021ba, ilegali\u0219ti care sc\u0103paser\u0103 arest\u0103rilor \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului etc.). Istoria postbelic\u0103 a P.C.R. a fost \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 ocazie \u00een dou\u0103 etape: una merg\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1952, \u00een care grupul format din Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca \u0219i Teohari Georgescu de\u021binuse controlul asupra Secretariatului C.C. \u0219i a unor importante sectoare ale activit\u0103\u021bii de partid \u0219i de stat (economia, finan\u021bele, politica agrar\u0103, politica extern\u0103, Mili\u021bia \u0219i Securitatea etc.); \u0219i o a doua etap\u0103, de dup\u0103 1952, \u00een care \u201enucleul s\u0103n\u0103tos\u201d din jurul lui Gheorghiu-Dej a reu\u0219it s\u0103 preia conducerea partidului \u0219i s\u0103 reinstaureze respectarea normelor leniniste \u00een partid \u0219i a legisla\u021biei socialiste \u00een societate.\u201d (Dan C\u0103t\u0103nu\u0219)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor: Dan C\u0103t\u0103nu\u0219 Colec\u021bia Studii I.N.S.T., 2018 17 x 24; 408 p. ISBN 978-973-7861-98-6 Proiect editorial cofinan\u021bat de Administra\u021bia Fondului<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[167],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-editura-2018"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5657"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5659,"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5657\/revisions\/5659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/totalitarism.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}